一、would 的基本含义
在英语中,"would" 是情态动词 "will" 的过去式,但它不仅仅表示过去将来时。在现代英语中,"would" 有多种用法,翻译成中文时需要根据具体语境灵活处理。
I said I would come tomorrow.
我说我会明天来。
我说我会明天来。
二、would 的主要中文翻译方式
1. 表示过去的意愿或习惯
当 "would" 表示过去经常发生的事情或习惯性动作时,通常翻译为"过去常常"、"总是会"等。
- When I was young, I would play football every day.
我年轻时,每天都会踢足球。 - She would always help others when she could.
她只要能办到,总是会帮助别人。
2. 表示委婉的请求或建议
在提出请求、建议或询问时,"would" 比 "will" 更加礼貌和委婉,常翻译为"愿意"、"能否"等。
- Would you please close the door?
您能关一下门吗? - Would you like some tea?
您想喝点茶吗?
3. 表示假设或虚拟语气
在条件句中,"would" 常用于表示假设情况的结果,翻译为"会"、"将会"。
- If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
如果我有钱,我会环游世界。 - She would be happy if you came to her party.
如果你去参加她的派对,她会很高兴。
4. 表示将来过去时
在叙述过去的事情时,表示从过去某个时间点看将要发生的事,翻译为"将会"、"会"。
- He knew that he would succeed.
他知道他会成功。 - They thought it would rain soon.
他们认为很快就会下雨。
注意:"would" 在虚拟语气中不表示真实发生的情况,而是表达一种假设、愿望或不太可能实现的想法。
三、常见搭配与翻译
- would like to do sth. - 想要做某事
例:I would like to visit Beijing. 我想去北京看看。 - would rather - 宁愿,更愿意
例:I would rather stay at home. 我宁愿待在家里。 - would have done - 过去本会做某事(但实际未做)
例:I would have called you, but I was busy. 我本该给你打电话的,但我很忙。
四、使用注意事项
"would" 不能单独作谓语,必须与其他动词原形连用。它没有人称和数的变化,所有人称都用 "would"。
✘ He would goes to school.
✔ He would go to school.
✔ He would go to school.
掌握 "would" 的翻译关键在于理解其背后的语境和说话人的意图。通过大量阅读和实践,您将能够更准确地理解和运用这个重要的情态动词。