理解语篇如何通过语言手段实现内部连贯
在语言学中,Cohesion(衔接) 指的是语篇(text)中不同部分之间通过语法和词汇手段建立的表层连接关系。 它由英国语言学家 M.A.K. Halliday 与 Ruqaiya Hasan 在其经典著作《Cohesion in English》(1976)中系统提出, 是语篇分析(discourse analysis)的核心概念之一。
需要注意的是,Cohesion(衔接)关注的是语言形式上的连接,而 Coherence(连贯)则涉及语义和认知层面的意义统一。 一个语篇可以没有明显的衔接标记但仍具有连贯性,但良好的衔接通常有助于提升语篇的可理解性。
Halliday 和 Hasan 将英语中的衔接手段分为五大类:
以下是一段包含多种衔接手段的短文:
Yesterday, Anna visited the museum. It was crowded, but she enjoyed it very much. Although the exhibition was large, she managed to see everything. The artworks were stunning; in fact, one painting reminded her of her childhood. That piece was unforgettable.
(衔接手段:指称“it/she/that”,连接词“although”,词汇衔接“museum → exhibition → artworks → painting → piece”)