一、基本概念
wish 和 hope 都可以表示“希望”,但它们在语气、可能性和语法结构上有明显区别。
- hope:用于表达有可能实现的愿望或期待。
- wish:常用于表达不太可能实现、与现实相反的愿望,或用于礼貌请求。
二、hope 的用法
1. 表示有希望实现的事情
I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.(我希望明天不下雨。→ 明天可能不下雨)
2. 常见结构
- hope + that 从句(that 可省略)
She hopes (that) she passes the exam. - hope + to do
I hope to see you soon. - 不能说:❌ hope sb to do → 应改为:hope that sb will do
三、wish 的用法
1. 表达与现实相反的愿望(虚拟语气)
对现在、过去或将来不真实/难以实现的情况表达愿望:
- 对现在:wish + 主语 + 过去式(be 动词用 were)
I wish I were taller.(我希望我更高些。→ 但我并不高) - 对过去:wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词
I wish I had studied harder.(真希望我当初更努力学习了。→ 但没做到) - 对未来:wish + 主语 + would/could + 动词原形
I wish you would stop interrupting me.(我希望你别再打断我了。)
2. 表达祝愿(固定搭配)
I wish you a happy birthday!
We wish you success in your new job.
We wish you success in your new job.
3. 礼貌地表达请求或偏好
I wish to speak to the manager, please.
She wishes to remain anonymous.
She wishes to remain anonymous.
四、wish 与 hope 对比总结
| 方面 | hope | wish |
|---|---|---|
| 可能性 | 有可能实现 | 通常不可能或与现实相反 |
| 后接 to do | ✅ I hope to win. | ✅ I wish to leave.(表请求) ❌ I wish to be rich.(错误,应使用虚拟语气) |
| 后接 that 从句 | 用一般时态(will / present) | 用虚拟语气(过去式 / had done / would) |
注意:不能说 “I hope I were...” ❌
正确说法是 “I wish I were...” ✅
正确说法是 “I wish I were...” ✅
五、常见错误纠正
- ❌ I hope you to come.
✅ I hope (that) you will come. - ❌ I wish I can fly.
✅ I wish I could fly. - ❌ I hope I had more time.
✅ I wish I had more time.(因为“没有更多时间”是现实)