What Is an Infection?
An infection occurs when harmful microorganisms—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites—invade the body, multiply, and cause illness. The immune system typically fights these invaders, but sometimes it needs help from medical treatments.
Common Types of Infections
- Bacterial Infections: Caused by bacteria (e.g., strep throat, urinary tract infections).
- Viral Infections: Caused by viruses (e.g., flu, common cold, HIV).
- Fungal Infections: Result from fungi (e.g., athlete’s foot, yeast infections).
- Parasitic Infections: Caused by parasites (e.g., malaria, giardiasis).
How Infections Spread
Infections can transmit through various routes:
- Direct contact (skin-to-skin, kissing)
- Airborne droplets (coughing, sneezing)
- Contaminated food or water
- Insect bites (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks)
- Contaminated surfaces or objects
Did You Know? Handwashing with soap for at least 20 seconds is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of infections!
Symptoms of Infection
Symptoms vary depending on the type and location of the infection but may include:
- Fever or chills
- Fatigue
- Swelling, redness, or pain
- Coughing or sore throat
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
Prevention & Treatment
Prevention: Vaccination, good hygiene, safe food handling, using insect repellent, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
Treatment: Depends on the cause—antibiotics for bacteria, antivirals for viruses, antifungals for fungi, and antiparasitics for parasites. Never use antibiotics for viral infections!