Have / Has Been Doing 用法详解

“Have/has been doing” 是英语中 现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous）的标准结构，用于描述从过去某一时间开始、一直持续到现在（可能仍在继续）的动作或状态。

一、基本结构

• 肯定句：主语 + have/has + been + 动词-ing
  I have been studying English for two hours.
• 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词-ing
  She hasn't been feeling well lately.
• 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词-ing?
  Have you been waiting long?

二、使用场景

1. 强调动作的持续性：表示动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在。
   They have been working on this project since Monday.
2. 动作刚刚结束，但有当前影响：
   Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?
3. 重复性动作（常带感情色彩）：
   He has been calling me every day this week!

三、常见时间状语

常与以下时间状语连用：

• for + 时间段（for two hours, for a week）
• since + 时间点（since 2020, since breakfast）
• all morning / all day / recently / lately

四、注意事项

并非所有动词都可用于进行时。以下动词通常不用于 have/has been doing 结构：

• 表示状态的动词：know, believe, understand, like, love, hate, want 等
  ❌ I have been knowing him for years.（错误）
  ✅ I have known him for years.（正确）

五、与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时（have done）强调结果或经历；现在完成进行时（have been doing）强调动作的持续过程。